Question 1

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows. 
-A mistake is made during DNA replication, so there is incorrect base pairing in the DNA. Depending on how the replication repair mechanism fixes this problem, a point mutation may or may not result. What might the replication repair mechanism do, and would it result in a point mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)   The repair mechanism might replace the T with a C, which would result in a point mutation.
B)   The repair mechanism might replace the G with an A, which would result in a point mutation.
C)   The repair mechanism might replace the G with a C, which would result in a point mutation.
D)   The repair mechanism might replace the T with a G, which would not result in a point mutation.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Watson and Crick discovered:

Accepted Answer

A)   the structure of DNA.
B)   that DNA is the genetic material.
C)   X-ray crystallography.
D)   that genetic information resides on chromosomes.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

The two strands of a double helix of DNA are linked by what kind of bond?

Accepted Answer

A)   sugar-phosphate linkages
B)   hydrogen bonds between bases
C)   hydrogen bonds between sugars and phosphates
D)   sugar-base linkages
E)   base-phosphate linkagesF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following is not a component of DNA nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A)   deoxyribose
B)   a phosphate group
C)   adenine
D)   arginine
E)   guanineF) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

The average mutation rate for DNA replication is 1 mutation for every 10 billion (10,000,000,000)  nucleotides of DNA replicated. Yet DNA polymerase makes a mistake during replication at an average of 1 in 100,000 nucleotides. What does this say about DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)   Most errors in DNA replication become mutations.
B)   The base-pairing rules (A pairs with T and G pairs withC )  Cells are extraordinarily proficient at repairing errors made during DNA replication.
C)   prevent any mutations.
D)   Cells recognize that a small fraction of mutations are beneficial to organisms and do not repair those.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

What is the relationship between mutations and cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cells do not require mutations to become cancerous but acquire them as they divide.
B)   Cells lose the ability to mutate their DNA and evolve once they become cancerous.
C)   Some mutations cause cells to lose control over cell division, resulting in cancer.
D)   Any point mutation will cause a cell to start proliferating without control, resulting in cancer.
E)   Only a mutation can stop a cell once it becomes cancerous.F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 7

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A)   synthesizing nucleotides from free sugars, phosphates, and bases
B)   halting DNA replication if a cell becomes cancerous
C)   breaking sugar-phosphate bonds to release free nucleotides for DNA synthesis
D)   introducing mutations into DNA for evolutionary adaptation
E)   joining together nucleotides as they are base-paired during DNA replicationF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

What is the relationship between DNA and proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)   Genes are made of proteins that encode the base sequence of DNA.
B)   DNA stores the information needed to make proteins.
C)   DNA makes up the individual sugar-phosphate-base units of a protein.
D)   DNA molecules are the enzymes that synthesize proteins.
E)   Proteins store the information needed to make DNA.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

The building blocks of DNA are:

Accepted Answer

A)   amino acids.
B)   enzymes.
C)   phosphate groups.
D)   nucleotides.
E)   bases.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 10

Errors never occur in DNA replication because the DNA polymerases edit out mistakes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The structure of DNA allows the molecule to store information.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What is the cause of Huntington disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   a somatic cell mutation that causes cells to proliferate without control
B)   a mutation that results in defective DNA polymerase
C)   loss of the chromosome with the gene for a blood protein
D)   a mutation in which there are repeating groups of three nucleotides
E)   a mutation that results in defective amino acid synthesisF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 13

Imagine that the DNA replication error rate for a strain of bacterium that has a defective repair mechanism is 1 in 10 million. If the cell's genome is 5 million nucleotide pairs, how often will the genome sustain a mutation in this strain, keeping in mind that both strands of a DNA molecule are replicated at once?

Accepted Answer

A)   once every five cell divisions
B)   once per cell division
C)   twice per cell division
D)   four times per cell division
E)   once every ten cell divisionsF) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

A trinucleotide repeat refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   a nucleotide that is made of three subunits: a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
B)   a sequence of three nucleotides that repeats and can be involved in genetic diseases.
C)   the same nucleotide repeating three times in a row.
D)   a nucleotide that contains three bases.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Which type of mutation will have the most impact from an evolutionary point of view?

Accepted Answer

A)   a mutation in a somatic cell
B)   a mutation in a liver cell
C)   a mutation in a germ-line cell
D)   a mutation in a brain cellE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Watson and Crick's experiments involved isolating DNA, generating X-ray diffraction images of the DNA, and building a model of its structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What is one way that incorrect nucleotides are removed from a newly synthesized molecule of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   Crossing over replaces regions with DNA errors with new segments of DNA.
B)   DNA ligases both remove and replace incorrectly positioned nucleotides.
C)   Any DNA strand with an error is destroyed, and an entire new strand is synthesized.
D)   DNA polymerases remove incorrect nucleotides and replace them with correct ones.
E)   DNA ligases remove incorrect nucleotides for replacement by DNA polymerases.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 18

A key part of DNA's function is to encode information. In considering how information-rich a particular molecule might be, a question is how many different sequences are possible in a particular length of the molecule. In the case of DNA the four different nucleotides can be arranged in any order. How many different sequences are possible for a DNA strand three nucleotides long?

Accepted Answer

A)   4
B)   32
C)   16
D)   64
E)   3F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

How is the information that specifies a protein stored in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   in the arrangement of the sugar-phosphate chain
B)   in the types of chemical bonds holding bases together
C)   in the sequence of bases
D)   in the orientation of the double strandsE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 20

The structure of DNA allows the molecule to replicate itself.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 13: Passing on Lifes Information: Dna Structure and Replication

Which type of mutation will have the most impact from an evolutionary point of view?

Correct Answer
verified

What is one way that incorrect nucleotides are removed from a newly synthesized molecule of DNA?

Correct Answer
verified

How is the information that specifies a protein stored in DNA?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which of the following is not a component of DNA nucleotides?

Correct Answer
verified

The structure of DNA allows the molecule to store information.

Correct Answer
verified

Watson and Crick's experiments involved isolating DNA, generating X-ray diffraction images of the DNA, and building a model of its structure.

Correct Answer
verified

What is the relationship between mutations and cancer?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the relationship between DNA and proteins?

Correct Answer
verified

Watson and Crick discovered:

Correct Answer
verified

The structure of DNA allows the molecule to replicate itself.

Correct Answer
verified

The two strands of a double helix of DNA are linked by what kind of bond?

Correct Answer
verified

A trinucleotide repeat refers to:

Correct Answer
verified

What is the cause of Huntington disease?

Correct Answer
verified

The average mutation rate for DNA replication is 1 mutation for every 10 billion (10,000,000,000) nucleotides of DNA replicated. Yet DNA polymerase makes a mistake during replication at an average of 1 in 100,000 nucleotides. What does this say about DNA replication?

Correct Answer
verified

The building blocks of DNA are:

Correct Answer
verified

Errors never occur in DNA replication because the DNA polymerases edit out mistakes.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 13: Passing on Lifes Information: Dna Structure and Replication

Which type of mutation will have the most impact from an evolutionary point of view?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one way that incorrect nucleotides are removed from a newly synthesized molecule of DNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How is the information that specifies a protein stored in DNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a component of DNA nucleotides?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The structure of DNA allows the molecule to store information.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Watson and Crick's experiments involved isolating DNA, generating X-ray diffraction images of the DNA, and building a model of its structure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the relationship between mutations and cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the relationship between DNA and proteins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Watson and Crick discovered:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The structure of DNA allows the molecule to replicate itself.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two strands of a double helix of DNA are linked by what kind of bond?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A trinucleotide repeat refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the cause of Huntington disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The average mutation rate for DNA replication is 1 mutation for every 10 billion (10,000,000,000) nucleotides of DNA replicated. Yet DNA polymerase makes a mistake during replication at an average of 1 in 100,000 nucleotides. What does this say about DNA replication?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The building blocks of DNA are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Errors never occur in DNA replication because the DNA polymerases edit out mistakes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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