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Which of the following statements accurately describes the Civil Rights Bill of 1866?


A) It gave blacks the right to vote.
B) It established basic freedoms that only whites would enjoy.
C) It reinstated the Black Codes.
D) It established education that was compulsory for all children.
E) It promoted equality before the law.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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How did Reconstruction leave an enduring legacy?


A) In the twentieth century, former slaves became the majority owners of big plantations.
B) By the turn of the twentieth century, a higher percentage of African-Americans voted than whites.
C) By 1900 in the South, whites were focused on creating harmony between the races.
D) The nation's first African-American colleges were established.
E) Within fifty years of Reconstruction, a majority of African-American families owned land.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Despite the Fourteenth Amendment, which group was still being denied United States citizenship?


A) Floridians
B) Asians
C) emancipated slaves
D) westerners
E) Canadians

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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What did Andrew Johnson do with the land of plantation owners seized during the Civil War?


A) He ordered it disbursed among the ex-slaves.
B) He returned it to the original owners.
C) The federal government retained control of most of the land.
D) He suggested that communes be started so that all southerners had access to the land.
E) The first national parks were established on the seized property.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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What made the Burlingame Treaty unique?


A) It was actually a declaration of war against China.
B) It recognized the sovereignty of China.
C) It declared all of East Asia's ports to be America's sphere of influence.
D) It gave Great Britain Hong Kong.
E) It ended the Opium Wars.

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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Unlike Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone favored the Fifteenth Amendment.

A) True
B) False

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The Black Codes


A) demonstrated to many Republicans in Congress that President Johnson's Reconstruction plan was a success.
B) overturned the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment.
C) violated free labor principles so celebrated by the North at the time.
D) remained a part of southern state laws throughout Radical Reconstruction.
E) were created by the Freedmen's Bureau.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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In what way was Reconstruction policy a success?


A) It brought suffrage for women.
B) It resulted in land being given to former slaves across the South.
C) It resulted in fair elections by the late 1870s in the South.
D) It established an amendment promising equal protection for all.
E) It industrialized the South on the same level as the North.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following is one of the central ideas in Frederick Douglass's speech "The Composite Nation"?


A) Human rights are universal and indestructible and include the ability of people of all races to migrate freely from one place to another.
B) It is not possible for African-Americans to be true Americans because the horrors of slavery were so pronounced.
C) Because of its Constitution, the American government can always be trusted to govern by wisdom rather than "race pride."
D) African-Americans inherently have more human rights than Native Americans because they are not subject to treaties.
E) Because land in the United States is scarce, African-Americans and other minority groups should consider relocating to other, more welcoming countries.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following statements accurately describes the sharecropping system?


A) Sharecroppers rented land and split the crops with the plantation owner.
B) As the years went on, sharecropping became a less oppressive system.
C) Most sharecropping families prospered and soon owned land of their own.
D) Every census from 1880 to 1940 counted more black than white sharecroppers.
E) A far higher percentage of white than black farmers in the South rented land rather than owned it.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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How did southern leaders tend to react to black freedom after the Civil War?


A) They tended to believe it was a right fairly earned.
B) They tended to accept that they could no longer control blacks.
C) They tended to ignore it, as they enjoyed greater wealth than ever before.
D) They tended to view it as a privilege and not a right.
E) They tended to avidly promote racial equality.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Other societies experienced the transition from slavery to freedom around the same time as the United States. What type of labor did plantation owners in the British Caribbean use to continue their operations?


A) slaves from Haiti
B) indentured servants from India and China
C) freedmen from the U.S. South
D) wage laborers from Brazil
E) servants from England

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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The Fifteenth Amendment granted blacks the right to vote. Which of the following statements accurately describes the response of African-Americans in the South to this amendment?


A) Although some voted, political organization among African-Americans was rare.
B) The vast majority of those eligible registered to vote.
C) The Union League kept half of the population from voting.
D) Most moved to the North and focused on transforming northern politics.
E) The majority did not register because they distrusted the government.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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How did Garrison Frazier define freedom for African-Americans during his January 1865 conversation with General Sherman and Secretary of War Stanton?


A) having and owning their own land
B) maintaining a state of mind that was untethered from material circumstances
C) working for wages for an employer
D) leaving the United States for Canada
E) renting land on the plantations on which they had been formerly enslaved

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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President Andrew Johnson appointed provisional governors to southern states. How were they supposed to rule local affairs?


A) by prioritizing black people's needs
B) by seeking Johnson's permission to make major decisions
C) by discontinuing state conventions
D) by managing local affairs as they pleased
E) by forming popular assemblies to make all decisions

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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As in earlier periods of American history, Reconstruction saw political debates over the meaning of federalism and the balance of power between the national government and the states. Keeping this in mind, discuss how laws and regulations such as the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 and the Reconstruction amendments factored into this debate. Please consider how the positions of Republicans and Democrats differed in terms of this debate.

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During the Reconstruction era, the polit...

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The civil rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the


A) Equality Era.
B) Gilded Age.
C) Socialist Era.
D) Information Age.
E) Second Reconstruction.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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When assessing the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, what can be determined about this issue?


A) Both Congress and the president accused the other of unconstitutional acts.
B) Johnson was willing to compromise, but Congress was unwilling to listen.
C) The moderate Republicans hoped in general terms to weaken the office of president.
D) Johnson had little support from white southerners.
E) Johnson survived being removed from office due to overwhelming support from his cabinet.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Explain how wartime devastation set in motion a chain of events that permanently altered the white yeomanry's independent way of life, leading to what they considered a loss of freedom.

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During the Civil War, many white yeoman ...

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After the Civil War, cotton prices


A) stayed the same.
B) benefited from successful economic policies.
C) fluctuated for a while.
D) rose.
E) dropped.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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