Question 1

Putting on sunglasses to relieve glare is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)   aversive punishment
B)   negative reinforcement
C)   positive reinforcement
D)   response costE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Accepted Answer

A)   punishment
B)   positive reinforcement
C)   negative reinforcement
D)   positive reinforcement and negative reinforcementE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Seligman expanded his theory of learned helplessness to explain __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   autism spectrum disorder
B)   ADHD
C)   schizophrenia
D)   depressionE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Wyatt is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Wyatt's avoidance of spiders is being __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   extinguished, because he feels anxious after doing so
B)   recovered spontaneously, because he will never get better
C)   positively reinforced, because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down
D)   negatively reinforced, because he is rewarded by his anxiety going downE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Ivan Pavlov, who is credited with discovering classical conditioning, was a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   psychiatrist
B)   psychologist
C)   neurologist
D)   physiologistE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

The fact that a reward will increase the future likelihood of a response that produced it is known as the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   discrimination principle
B)   law of practice
C)   law of effect
D)   Premack principleE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

What was the conditioned stimulus (CS)  in the case of Little Albert?

Accepted Answer

A)   a white rat
B)   a loud noise
C)   a high chair
D)   a small enclosed spaceE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 8

On a variable interval schedule, reinforcement is given for the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   first correct response after a fixed amount of time has passed
B)   first correct response after varying amounts of time have passed
C)   next correct response after a fixed number of responses have occurred
D)   next correct response after a varying number of responses have occurredE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Little Jimmie's mother was upset to find that Jimmie had not picked up his building blocks after repeated requests to do so. The next morning, Jimmie found all his blocks had been picked up and put into a bag on top of the refrigerator. Jimmie's mother told him that he couldn't play with his blocks for the next 2 days. Which type of discipline did she use?

Accepted Answer

A)   punishment by removal
B)   negative reinforcement
C)   punishment by application
D)   positive reinforcementE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 10

A child is wetting his or her bed. According to our text, punishing the child would be the best way to permanently stop this behavior. You would recommend that the child be given no food on the day after a bedwetting incident. This is because punishment is guaranteed to stop bad behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which learning theorist is responsible for the discovery of conditioned taste aversions based on his work giving sweetened liquid to rats and then inducing nausea in them?

Accepted Answer

A)   Seligman
B)   Garcia
C)   Skinner
D)   WatsonE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Louis, a luxury car dealer, is paid by commission. For every car Louis sells, he gets 10 percent of the profits. Louis is being reinforced on a __________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed ratio
B)   fixed interval
C)   variable ratio
D)   variable intervalE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Little Albert (Watson & Rayner, 1920)  learned through classical conditioning to fear __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   brown cats
B)   black dogs
C)   white rats
D)   his motherE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following statements is TRUE about operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neither partial nor continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist for long periods of time.
B)   Continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through partial or intermittent reinforcement.
C)   Partial reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through continuous reinforcement.
D)   Continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement lead to behaviors that persist for equally long periods of time.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

On a fixed interval schedule, reinforcement is given __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   for the first correct response after a specific amount of time has passed
B)   for correct responses after randomly varying amounts of time have passed
C)   after a specific number of responses are given
D)   after a randomly varying number of responses are givenE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?

Accepted Answer

A)   only if it is a primary reinforcer
B)   only if it is a positive reinforcer
C)   only if it is a negative reinforcer
D)   Regardless of whether it is a positive or negative reinforcer, a reinforcer makes a response more likely to occur.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

What is the correct sequence of the four elements of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Attention, Memory, Imitation, Desire
B)   Attention, Imitation, Desire, Memory
C)   Desire, Attention, Memory, Imitation
D)   Memory, Attention, Desire, ImitationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Any behavior that is voluntary is referred to as a(n)  __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   response
B)   antecedent
C)   operant
D)   stimulusE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Learning that is not manifested until some later time is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   manifest content
B)   latent content
C)   latent learning
D)   manifest learningE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Observational learning has been used to explain why children who watch violent television tend to behave more aggressively. Research has demonstrated that watching such television shows causes an increase in violent tendencies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: Learning

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Correct Answer
verified

Wyatt is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Wyatt's avoidance of spiders is being __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Louis, a luxury car dealer, is paid by commission. For every car Louis sells, he gets 10 percent of the profits. Louis is being reinforced on a __________ schedule.

Correct Answer
verified

A child is wetting his or her bed. According to our text, punishing the child would be the best way to permanently stop this behavior. You would recommend that the child be given no food on the day after a bedwetting incident. This is because punishment is guaranteed to stop bad behaviors.

Correct Answer
verified

Any behavior that is voluntary is referred to as a(n) __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Learning that is not manifested until some later time is called __________.

Correct Answer
verified

What is the correct sequence of the four elements of observational learning?

Correct Answer
verified

Ivan Pavlov, who is credited with discovering classical conditioning, was a __________.

Correct Answer
verified

The fact that a reward will increase the future likelihood of a response that produced it is known as the __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Seligman expanded his theory of learned helplessness to explain __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?

Correct Answer
verified

Little Albert (Watson & Rayner, 1920) learned through classical conditioning to fear __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which learning theorist is responsible for the discovery of conditioned taste aversions based on his work giving sweetened liquid to rats and then inducing nausea in them?

Correct Answer
verified

Observational learning has been used to explain why children who watch violent television tend to behave more aggressively. Research has demonstrated that watching such television shows causes an increase in violent tendencies.

Correct Answer
verified

On a fixed interval schedule, reinforcement is given __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Putting on sunglasses to relieve glare is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

Correct Answer
verified

On a variable interval schedule, reinforcement is given for the __________.

Correct Answer
verified

What was the conditioned stimulus (CS) in the case of Little Albert?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about operant conditioning?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Exam 5: Learning

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wyatt is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Wyatt's avoidance of spiders is being __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Louis, a luxury car dealer, is paid by commission. For every car Louis sells, he gets 10 percent of the profits. Louis is being reinforced on a __________ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child is wetting his or her bed. According to our text, punishing the child would be the best way to permanently stop this behavior. You would recommend that the child be given no food on the day after a bedwetting incident. This is because punishment is guaranteed to stop bad behaviors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Any behavior that is voluntary is referred to as a(n) __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning that is not manifested until some later time is called __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the correct sequence of the four elements of observational learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ivan Pavlov, who is credited with discovering classical conditioning, was a __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fact that a reward will increase the future likelihood of a response that produced it is known as the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Seligman expanded his theory of learned helplessness to explain __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Little Albert (Watson & Rayner, 1920) learned through classical conditioning to fear __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which learning theorist is responsible for the discovery of conditioned taste aversions based on his work giving sweetened liquid to rats and then inducing nausea in them?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Observational learning has been used to explain why children who watch violent television tend to behave more aggressively. Research has demonstrated that watching such television shows causes an increase in violent tendencies.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On a fixed interval schedule, reinforcement is given __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Putting on sunglasses to relieve glare is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On a variable interval schedule, reinforcement is given for the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the conditioned stimulus (CS) in the case of Little Albert?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is TRUE about operant conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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