Question 1

If we were to apply the most recent technique used to fight potato late blight to the fight against the malarial infection of humans,then we would

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the dosage of the least-expensive antimalarial drug administered to humans.
B)  increase the dosage of the most common pesticide used to kill Anopheles mosquitoes.
C)  introduce a predator of the malarial parasite into infected humans.
D)  use a "cocktail" of at least three different pesticides against Anopheles mosquitoes.
E)  insert genes from a Plasmodium-resistant strain of mosquito into Anopheles mosquitoes.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

Which two genera have members that can evade the human immune system by frequently changing their surface proteins?
1) Plasmodium
2) Trichomonas
3) Paramecium
4) Trypanosoma
5) Entamoeba

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2
B)  1 and 4
C)  2 and 3
D)  2 and 4
E)  4 and 5F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 3

Apicomplexans

Accepted Answer

A)  are mostly free-living.
B)  are photosynthetic.
C)  have life cycles with sexual and asexual stages.
D)  include Plasmodium, which requires two hosts.
E)  C and DF) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

The mitosome of Giardia has no DNA within it.If it did contain DNA,then what predictions should we be able to make about its DNA?
1) It is linear.
2) It is circular.
3) It has many introns.
4) It has few introns.
5) It is not associated with histone proteins.
6) It is complexed with histone proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, and 5
B)  1, 4, and 5
C)  2, 3, and 6
D)  2, 4, and 5
E)  2, 4, and 6F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 5

Which pair of alternatives is highlighted by the life cycle of the cellular slime moulds,such as Dictyostelium?

Accepted Answer

A)  prokaryotic or eukaryotic
B)  unicellular or multicellular
C)  diploid or haploid
D)  autotroph or heterotrophE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Paulinella chromatophora is one of the few cercozoans that is autotrophic,carrying out aerobic photosynthesis with its two elongated "cyanelles." The cyanelles are contained within vesicles of the host cell,and each is derived from a cyanobacterium,though not the same type of cyanobacterium that gave rise to the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
-The closest living relative of P.chromatophora is the heterotroph,P.ovalis.P.ovalis uses threadlike pseudopods to capture its prey,which it digests internally.Which of the following,if observed,would be the best reason for relabelling P.chromatophora as a mixotroph?

Accepted Answer

A)  a threadlike pseudopod
B)  a pigmented central vacuole, surrounded by a tonoplast
C)  a vacuole with food inside
D)  a secretory vesicle
E)  a contractile vacuoleF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Diplomonads,such as Giardia,contain two haploid nuclei per trophozoite.Thus,during the G₁ phase of the cell cycle,there should be a total of how many unreplicated chromosomes per trophozoite,and during the G₂ phase,how many replicated chromosomes per trophozoite?

Accepted Answer

A)  5; 5
B)  5; 10
C)  10; 10
D)  10; 20
E)  20; 20F) B) and D)
G) None of the above C

Question 8

According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells,how did mitochondria originate?

Accepted Answer

A)  from infoldings of the plasma membrane, coupled with mutations of genes for proteins in energy-transfer reactions
B)  from engulfed, originally free-living proteobacteria
C)  by secondary endosymbiosis
D)  from the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial membranes
E)  when a protoeukaryote engaged in a symbiotic relationship with a protocellF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 9

Biologists have long been aware that the defunct kingdom Protista is polyphyletic.Which of these statements is most consistent with this conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many species within this kingdom were once classified as monerans.
B)  Animals, plants, and fungi arose from different protist ancestors.
C)  The eukaryotic condition has evolved more than once among the protists.
D)  Chloroplasts among various protists are similar to those found in prokaryotes.
E)  Some protists, all animals, and all fungi share a protist common ancestor, but these protists, animals, and fungi are currently assigned to three different kingdoms.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C) C

Question 10

Which process could have allowed the nucleomorphs of chlorarachniophytes to be reduced,without the net loss of any genetic information?

Accepted Answer

A)  conjugation
B)  horizontal gene transfer
C)  binary fission
D)  phagocytosis
E)  meiosisF) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

P.chromatophora secretes around itself a test,or case,of plates made of silica.Which of the following is another rhizarian that would be in competition with P.chromatophora for the silica needed to make these plates,assuming limited quantities of silica in the environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  radiolarians
B)  foraminiferans
C)  all other amoeboid cells
D)  all other rhizaria
E)  diatomsF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

The genome of modern chloroplasts is roughly 50% the size of the genome of the cyanobacterium from which it is thought to have been derived.In comparison,the genome of P.chromatophora's cyanelle is only slightly reduced relative to the size of the genome of the cyanobacterium from which it is thought to have been derived.What is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from this comparison?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lytic phage infections have targeted the chloroplast genome more often than the P. chromatophora genome.
B)  P)  chromatophora's cyanelle is the result of an evolutionarily recent endosymbiosis.
C)  The genome of the chloroplast ancestor contained many more introns that could be lost without harm, compared to the cyanelle's genome.
D)  All three of the conclusions above are valid.
E)  Two of the conclusions above are valid.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

A gelatinous seaweed that grows in shallow,cold water and undergoes heteromorphic alternation of generations is most probably what type of alga?

Accepted Answer

A)  red
B)  green
C)  brown
D)  yellowE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

A large seaweed that floats freely on the surface of deep bodies of water would be expected to lack which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  thalli
B)  bladders
C)  holdfasts
D)  gel-forming polysaccharidesE) All of the above
F) None of the above C

Question 15

Why do photosynthetic protists play a critical role in aquatic ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Photosynthetic protists and prokaryotes are the major producers that form the critical base of food webs.
B)  Photosynthetic dinoflagellates are in a mutualistic symbiotic association with coral, and coral reefs are one of the most diverse and productive biomes on earth.
C)  They outcompete the non-photosynthetic parasitic protists.
D)  They form colonies that cover the water's surface, which allows anaerobic organisms to thrive.
E)  A and BF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

The chloroplasts of all of the following are thought to be derived from ancestral red algae,except those of

Accepted Answer

A)  golden algae.
B)  diatoms.
C)  dinoflagellates.
D)  green algae.
E)  brown algae.F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

You are given the task of designing an aerobic,mixotrophic protist that can perform photosynthesis in fairly deep water (for example,250 m deep) ,and can also crawl about and engulf small particles.With which two of the following structures would you provide your protist?
1) hydrogenosome
2) apicoplast
3) pseudopods
4) chloroplast from red alga
5) chloroplast from green alga

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2
B)  2 and 3
C)  2 and 4
D)  3 and 4
E)  4 and 5F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 18

The next few questions refer to the following description and table.
Diatoms are encased in Petri-platelike cases (valves) made of translucent hydrated silica whose thickness can be varied.The material used to store excess calories can also be varied.At certain times,diatoms store excess calories in the form of the liquid polysaccharide,laminarin,and at other times as oil.The following are data concerning the density (specific gravity) of various components of diatoms,and of their environment.
Specific Gravities of Materials Relevant to Diatoms
 
-Judging from the table and given that water's density and,consequently,its buoyancy decrease at warmer temperatures,in which environment should diatoms (and other suspended particles) sink most slowly?

Accepted Answer

A)  cold fresh water
B)  warm fresh water
C)  cold sea water
D)  warm sea water
E)  warm brackish waterF) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 19

All protists are

Accepted Answer

A)  unicellular.
B)  eukaryotic.
C)  symbionts.
D)  monophyletic.
E)  mixotrophic.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Reinforced,threadlike pseudopods that can perform phagocytosis are generally characteristic of which group?

Accepted Answer

A)  radiolarians and forams
B)  gymnamoebas
C)  entamoebas
D)  amoeboid stage of cellular slime moulds
E)  oomycetesF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Exam 28: Protists

If we were to apply the most recent technique used to fight potato late blight to the fight against the malarial infection of humans,then we would

Correct Answer
verified

Which two genera have members that can evade the human immune system by frequently changing their surface proteins? 1) Plasmodium 2) Trichomonas 3) Paramecium 4) Trypanosoma 5) Entamoeba

Correct Answer
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Apicomplexans

Correct Answer
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Which pair of alternatives is highlighted by the life cycle of the cellular slime moulds,such as Dictyostelium?

Correct Answer
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Diplomonads,such as Giardia,contain two haploid nuclei per trophozoite.Thus,during the G₁ phase of the cell cycle,there should be a total of how many unreplicated chromosomes per trophozoite,and during the G₂ phase,how many replicated chromosomes per trophozoite?

Correct Answer
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C

According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells,how did mitochondria originate?

Correct Answer
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Biologists have long been aware that the defunct kingdom Protista is polyphyletic.Which of these statements is most consistent with this conclusion?

Correct Answer
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C

Which process could have allowed the nucleomorphs of chlorarachniophytes to be reduced,without the net loss of any genetic information?

Correct Answer
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P.chromatophora secretes around itself a test,or case,of plates made of silica.Which of the following is another rhizarian that would be in competition with P.chromatophora for the silica needed to make these plates,assuming limited quantities of silica in the environment?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A gelatinous seaweed that grows in shallow,cold water and undergoes heteromorphic alternation of generations is most probably what type of alga?

Correct Answer
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A large seaweed that floats freely on the surface of deep bodies of water would be expected to lack which of the following?

Correct Answer
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C

Why do photosynthetic protists play a critical role in aquatic ecosystems?

Correct Answer
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The chloroplasts of all of the following are thought to be derived from ancestral red algae,except those of

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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All protists are

Correct Answer
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Reinforced,threadlike pseudopods that can perform phagocytosis are generally characteristic of which group?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 28: Protists

If we were to apply the most recent technique used to fight potato late blight to the fight against the malarial infection of humans,then we would

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which two genera have members that can evade the human immune system by frequently changing their surface proteins? 1) Plasmodium 2) Trichomonas 3) Paramecium 4) Trypanosoma 5) Entamoeba

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Apicomplexans

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which pair of alternatives is highlighted by the life cycle of the cellular slime moulds,such as Dictyostelium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diplomonads,such as Giardia,contain two haploid nuclei per trophozoite.Thus,during the G₁ phase of the cell cycle,there should be a total of how many unreplicated chromosomes per trophozoite,and during the G₂ phase,how many replicated chromosomes per trophozoite?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells,how did mitochondria originate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biologists have long been aware that the defunct kingdom Protista is polyphyletic.Which of these statements is most consistent with this conclusion?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which process could have allowed the nucleomorphs of chlorarachniophytes to be reduced,without the net loss of any genetic information?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

P.chromatophora secretes around itself a test,or case,of plates made of silica.Which of the following is another rhizarian that would be in competition with P.chromatophora for the silica needed to make these plates,assuming limited quantities of silica in the environment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A gelatinous seaweed that grows in shallow,cold water and undergoes heteromorphic alternation of generations is most probably what type of alga?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A large seaweed that floats freely on the surface of deep bodies of water would be expected to lack which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Why do photosynthetic protists play a critical role in aquatic ecosystems?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The chloroplasts of all of the following are thought to be derived from ancestral red algae,except those of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All protists are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reinforced,threadlike pseudopods that can perform phagocytosis are generally characteristic of which group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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C

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C

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