Question 1

The lack of cross-gender interaction in the middle childhood years means that

Accepted Answer

A)  girls and boys may not learn to like each other and have difficulty making cross-gender friendships.
B)  boys' and girls' friendships are restricted to members of their own sex.
C)  girls and boys do not have enough time or opportunity to learn about each other's differences and/or similarities.
D)  it is more difficult for boys and girls to build social competence.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 2

One experiment found that 15% of students who reasoned at the postconventional level of morality (the highest category)cheated when given the opportunity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

According to Damon,when Steven (who is 15 years old) is asked,"How do you know that someone is your best friend?" it is highly likely that he responded

Accepted Answer

A)  "Because a friend is someone who shares his/her possessions with you."
B)  "Because a friend is someone you can talk to about things that are bothering you,and they will stick with you no matter what."
C)  "Because I can play a lot with him/her and stay over his/her house a lot."
D)  "Because a friend is somebody who is kind and puts my feelings first."E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Harry is facing an important test and expects to do poorly.He is so anxious that he cannot concentrate or study effectively,but he figures that since he's going to do badly anyway,he should not bother.This is an indication of Harry's

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem.
B)  self-concept.
C)  social reality.
D)  social comparison.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

High-status children tend to do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  form friendships with other high-status children.
B)  have a greater number of friends.
C)  form cliques of groups that are seen as desirable and exclusive.
D)  form friendships with lower class or unpopular children.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

According to Damon,the second stage of building friendship for middle-school-age children is

Accepted Answer

A)  basing friendship on intelligence.
B)  basing friendship on others' behavior.
C)  basing friendship on trust.
D)  basing friendship on psychological closeness.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following is true when it comes to middle school children's friendships?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children tend to make an equal number of same-race and different-race friends.
B)  Children can show a high degree of mutual acceptance.
C)  Children tend to make same-gender but different-race group friends.
D)  Children cannot make more different-race friendships as they age.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Single-parent African American families tend to rely substantially on grandparents for everyday child care.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Children who grow up in which of the following families tend to have a stronger sense of extended family?

Accepted Answer

A)  families headed by gay and lesbian parents
B)  families headed by Caucasian American parents
C)  families headed by Asian American parents
D)  families headed by African American or Hispanic American parentsE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Children living in poverty experience many more disruptions than children in socioeconomically secure environments.Examples of these disruptions include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  infrequent moving by the family to find work
B)  the death of a grandparent
C)  attending inferior schools in unsafe neighborhoods
D)  living in single-parent householdsE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Almost ________ of African American children under the age of 18 and almost _________ of Hispanic American children under the age of 18 live in a single-parent household.

Accepted Answer

A)  60%;35%
B)  35%;60%
C)  45%;50%
D)  50%;45%E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following children is likely to be better adjusted,have higher self-esteem,and a stronger motivation to succeed?

Accepted Answer

A)  an only child in the People's Republic of China
B)  a child in China who has one sibling
C)  a child in China who has two siblings
D)  a child in China who has more than four siblingsE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 13

The word "orphanage" has been replaced by the term

Accepted Answer

A)  "foster home."
B)  "group home" or "residential treatment center."
C)  "alternative lifestyle."
D)  "latchkey child."E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

According to Erikson,from roughly ages 6 to 12,children go through a period characterized by a focus on efforts to meet the challenges presented by parents,peers,school,and the other complexities of the modern world.This stage is called

Accepted Answer

A)  inferiority-versus-superiority.
B)  industry-versus-inferiority.
C)  social comparison.
D)  puberty.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 15

What is the approximate percentage of children in the U.S.who spend their entire childhood living in the same household with both parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  33%
B)  50%
C)  40%
D)  25%E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

With regard to children of divorced parents,which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Four times as many children of divorced parents enter psychological counseling as children from intact families.
B)  18 months to 2 years after the divorce,most children begin to return to their predivorce state of psychological adjustment.
C)  People who have experienced parental divorce are less likely to get divorced as adults.
D)  Divorce is not beneficial to children living in households overwhelmed by parental strife.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following terms relates to an individual's overall and specific positive and negative self-evaluation?

Accepted Answer

A)  social comparison
B)  self-concept
C)  self-esteem
D)  downward social comparisonE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

What is the term that means the use of strategies for solving social conflicts in ways that are satisfactory both to oneself and to others?

Accepted Answer

A)  social problem solving
B)  status
C)  social competence
D)  conflict resolutionE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg,which of the following stages reflects a person's approach to moral problems as a member of society,where the person is interested in pleasing others by acting as a good member of society?

Accepted Answer

A)  conventional morality
B)  postconventional morality
C)  moral reasoning
D)  preconventional moralityE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Immediately after a divorce,both children and parents may show several types of psychological maladjustment for a period that may last from

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 2 years.
B)  3 months to 3 years.
C)  6 months to 2 years.
D)  1 to 3 years.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Exam 10: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood

Which of the following terms relates to an individual's overall and specific positive and negative self-evaluation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One experiment found that 15% of students who reasoned at the postconventional level of morality (the highest category)cheated when given the opportunity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the term that means the use of strategies for solving social conflicts in ways that are satisfactory both to oneself and to others?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true when it comes to middle school children's friendships?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With regard to children of divorced parents,which of the following is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

High-status children tend to do all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children who grow up in which of the following families tend to have a stronger sense of extended family?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the approximate percentage of children in the U.S.who spend their entire childhood living in the same household with both parents?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Damon,the second stage of building friendship for middle-school-age children is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Single-parent African American families tend to rely substantially on grandparents for everyday child care.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Almost ________ of African American children under the age of 18 and almost _________ of Hispanic American children under the age of 18 live in a single-parent household.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Damon,when Steven (who is 15 years old) is asked,"How do you know that someone is your best friend?" it is highly likely that he responded

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children living in poverty experience many more disruptions than children in socioeconomically secure environments.Examples of these disruptions include which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The lack of cross-gender interaction in the middle childhood years means that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The word "orphanage" has been replaced by the term

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Immediately after a divorce,both children and parents may show several types of psychological maladjustment for a period that may last from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Harry is facing an important test and expects to do poorly.He is so anxious that he cannot concentrate or study effectively,but he figures that since he's going to do badly anyway,he should not bother.This is an indication of Harry's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following children is likely to be better adjusted,have higher self-esteem,and a stronger motivation to succeed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Erikson,from roughly ages 6 to 12,children go through a period characterized by a focus on efforts to meet the challenges presented by parents,peers,school,and the other complexities of the modern world.This stage is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg,which of the following stages reflects a person's approach to moral problems as a member of society,where the person is interested in pleasing others by acting as a good member of society?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Almost of African American children under the age of 18 and almost _ of Hispanic American children under the age of 18 live in a single-parent household.

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